Abstract
Previous research produced conflicting results on whether narcissistic personality traits have increased among American college students over the generations. Confounding by campus may explain the discrepancy. Study 1 updates a nationwide meta-analysis of college students’ scores on the Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI) and controls for campus (k ¼ 107; N ¼ 49,818). In Study 2, the authors examine NPI scores among the students on one university campus, the University of South Alabama, between 1994 and 2009 (N ¼ 4,152). Both studies demonstrate significant increases in narcissism over time (Study 1 d ¼ .37, 1982–2008, when campus is controlled; Study 2 d ¼ .37, 1994–2009). These results support a generational differences model of individual personality traits reflecting changes in culture.
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